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Ordinary Life Resumes in Sierra Leone After Violent Protests: What Happened and Why?_我的网站

一 |     Dozens of businesses, government offices, vehicles, and at least three police stations went up in flames in Freetown, Makeni, Kamakwie, and other cities across Sierra Leone from August 10 through 12, with over 113 people arrested and police introducing an emergency nationwide curfew and deploying tear gas and live ammunition to disperse crowds.,The curfew was lifted on August 13, with banks, businesses, government offices, and most stores reopened and communal services beginning to clear the damage. However, ramped-up security measures, including federal troop deployments to assist police, have been left in place.,What Happened?,Sierra Leone is one of the poorest nations in the world, ranking 186 out of 198 in a recent GDP purchasing power parity ranking. An estimated 80 percent of the population lives in poverty, many of them in the country’s rural areas. Like other nations in Africa, the country has faced special difficulties amid the global economic calamity brought on by COVID, and exacerbated by Western restrictions on Russian exports of agricultural goods and fertilizers amid the security crisis in Ukraine, which has caused a major jump in food prices.,AfricaAnti-Russia Sanctions Left Africa Without Access to Grain and Fertilisers, African Union Chief Says3 June, 11:13 GMT,As a net importer of both energy and food, Sierra Leone is especially vulnerable to global economic conditions, and along with food and fertilizers, fuel and electricity costs have also soared. Food prices alone have jumped by over 40 percent over the past few months, with a bag of rice once costing 350 leones now going for over 500. The country’s Central Bank recently removed three zeros from the national currency in a bid to restore confidence. The country has also been overcome by weeks of strikes by government workers, including doctors and teachers, and by small traders protesting poor conditions.,Coup Plot?,However, President Julius Maada Bio has also accused protesters of having ulterior motives beyond the cost of living crisis.,“This was not a protest against the high cost of living occasioned by the ongoing global economic crisis. The chant of the insurrectionists was for a violent overthrow of the democratically-elected government,” Bio said in an address on August 12 after returning to the country from a holiday in London.,Local media pointed to the chants of “Bio must go” among protesters as they gathered in the capital, and the president accused some of the demonstrators of consisting of “APC Warriors,” a reference to the opposition All People’s Congress party, which governed the country from 2007 until 2018, when Bio’s Sierra Leone People’s Party won national elections.,No doubt mindful of the violent civil war which shook the country between 1991 and 2002, claiming as many as 70,000 lives and displacing over 2.5 million people, Bio vowed that “in the coming weeks and months, [the] government will undertake necessary security actions meant to guarantee the peace and security of all citizens.”,“The security forces will, and must, act with great restraint and within their professional codes of service. But be assured that my government will crack down hard on violent insurrectionists, their collaborators, their sponsors and their supporters. My government will relentlessly fight those who would rather use terror and gruesome violence to achieve political goals,” the president said.,As a government, we will continue our engagement with Civil Society as we strive to promote sustainable peace, national cohesion and socio-economic development in Sierra Leone. #newdirectionagenda— President Julius Maada Bio (@PresidentBio) August 18, 2022,Bio did not elaborate on who these “sponsors” and “supporters” were, or whether they included any foreign actors.,Geopolitical Context,Like other African nations, Sierra Leone recently rejected calls by Washington and Brussels to show solidarity with the West and Ukraine and impose sanctions on Russia. But even before the escalation of the Ukraine crisis, relations between Freetown and Washington were tense at times. Last year, US President Joe Biden snubbed Bio by refusing to invite the African leader to the US’ so-called “Democracy Summit.” No reasons were given. However, neighboring Liberia, which faced mass civil unrest of its own between 2019 and 2020, and whose officials have been sanctioned by the US over suspected corruption, did get an invite.,While Sierra Leone maintains economic and political ties with its former British colonial masters, and remains a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, Freetown has sought to expand its partnerships with other geopolitical power centers, including Russia and China. President Bio attended the Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi in 2019, where he discussed ways to strengthen economic cooperation between the distant nations. In February 2021, Freetown signed onto Moscow’s efforts to prevent the deployment of weapons in outer space. In May 2021, Bio spoke by phone to President Xi Jinping of China, where they discussed the friendly, “brotherly” relations between the two nations, as well Chinese assistance to Freetown in measures against COVID, and agricultural and economic development.,In this context, the reactions of major foreign powers to this month’s unrest have been telling. While the United States, Britain, and the European Union collectively expressed “grave concern” over the “disturbing reports of violence” and urged the parties to “stay calm, promote accountability and ensure respect for human rights,” China’s Embassy smoothed over the protests altogether, refraining from wagging its finger at Freetown and instead trumpeting the expanding cooperation between the two countries.,We are gravely concerned by reports of violence surrounding today’s demonstrations in Sierra Leone. We urge all parties to stay calm, promote accountability, and ensure respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.— Bureau of African Affairs (@AsstSecStateAF) August 10, 2022,Similarly, while UK High Commissioner to Sierra Leone Lisa Chesney lectured President Bio about how “violence has no place in a democracy and the necessary investigation into August 10 can sit alongside de-escalation,” the Russian Embassy in the Republic of Guinea, which concurrently serves as the Embassy in Sierra Leone, only presented a bare bones report on the situation in the country, Bio’s meetings with community and tribal leaders, and indicated that an internal “debriefing” was being created “regarding the causes, course and consequences of the riots on August 10.”。

二 |           　　种子是农业的“芯片”，攥紧中国种子，才能端稳中国饭碗。记者调查发现，在多个电商平台上，一些主粮种子是装在编织袋或是塑料袋里售出，没有正规包装、没有标签信息、没有销售资质。

三 | 线上售种该如何把住资质审核关口?农民遭遇假劣种子损失，怎样才能实现充分有效的维权?      　　近日，一家深耕玉米育种多年的上市种业公司通过总台中国之声新闻热线反映，多个电商平台卖家线上销售号称他们品牌的玉米种子，他们多次买来检测，发现大多是用市场淘汰的种子冒充的。

四 |      　　企业负责人告诉记者，种子销售不同于普通商品，一旦在互联网上买到假种子而遭受损失，往往投诉无门。      　　随后，记者通过多个电商平台购买了10款号称该企业培育的玉米种子，送检后发现，没有一款种子的基因和原品牌玉米种子能够成功比对。     　　种子法第四十八条明确，禁止生产经营假、劣种子。以非种子冒充种子或者以此种品种种子冒充其他品种种子的;种子种类、品种与标签标注的内容不符或者没有标签的，都属于假种子。记者网购的10款玉米种子都是普通塑料袋包装，上面没有任何标签，按以上标准判断，都是假种子。      　　《农作物种子生产经营许可管理办法》明确，专门经营不再分装的包装种子的或者受具有种子生产经营许可证的企业书面委托生产、代销其种子的，不需要办理种子生产经营许可证，但也要在种子销售前向当地县级农业农村主管部门备案，并建立种子销售台账。

五 | 一地方农业农村局工作人员告诉记者，即便商家卖的是正规种子，也需要备案。     　　记者查询所购买的10个卖家在电商平台的资质信息发现，商户的公示文件中，都没有销售玉米种子所必需的农作物种子生产经营备案表，有的店铺只有林业部门核发的林草种子生产经营许可证。     　　比如“小镇农资店”“乡里农业合作社”“大田农资社”这3家电商用户，用的都是位于武汉的“湖北梦仙枫种子店(个人独资)”营业执照，却上传了当地另一家企业武汉市升润瑞林木种子营业部(个人独资)的林草种子生产经营许可证，但店铺在售玉米种子。     　　店铺注册地武汉江夏区农业综合执法大队工作人员回复，它有营业执照，但地址是虚假的。      　　还有一家名为“永康农资种业”的网店，登记使用的是河南信阳潢川县元智渊种子店的营业执照和林草种子生产经营许可证。该企业登记的联系电话从2025年3月起共关联注册了12家苗木或种子店。记者进一步调查发现，多家电商平台也不用上传农作物种子生产经营许可证或相关备案，就能直接销售玉米等主粮种子。     　　记者向元智渊种子店营业执照注册地的农业农村局农业综合行政执法大队电话咨询，工作人员表示，他们接到了太多此类投诉，却无能为力。

六 |      　　记者查询所购买种子的物流信息发现，大多数假种子的物流信息中，发货地址非常模糊，往往只到县或乡镇。

七 | 快递公司解释，这是因为卖方也选择了隐私地址发货，只有在执法部门的要求下，才能去查。     　　根据物流信息，记者向多个涉嫌销售假种子的店铺发货地，江苏省东海县、沭阳县，湖南省祁东县的农业农村局进行了反映，并按要求提交了订单编号、发货地址等信息。

八 | 沭阳县农业农村局一位工作人员说，如果可以提供公司名和详细地址，他们就能去查，如果发货地址很模糊，他们也很难查到，建议还是要找注册公司的法定代表人。　　买种子认准包装只是第一步      　　不仅是玉米种子，在投诉平台上，通过互联网平台购买其他主粮种子或是蔬菜种子出现问题的投诉也有不少，投诉后往往只是退钱了事，不仅耽误了农时，农民投入的化肥、农药等费用也打了水漂。     　　湖南的李女士通过电商平台下单了云南拇指玉米种子，种下去才发现，是普通的糯玉米。种子只花了三块多钱，可搭进去的是一季的投入。     　　河南的马女士网购了100多斤“矮秆花生”散装种子，种了3亩，结果没有出芽。如今，该店铺早已关闭，马女士更是无法找到投诉渠道。

九 |      　　山东的刘先生买了“翠玉三号黄瓜”散装种子，希望这种经济价值较高的黄瓜能卖出好价钱，但种出来才发现就是普通黄瓜。     　　记者梳理发现，这类投诉几乎指向同样的两条红线：种子散装发货，网店无资质销售。这些没有包装、没有标签的散装种子，风险究竟有多大?北京市农林科学院玉米首席科学家赵久然告诉记者，散装种子的问题，远不止货不对板那么简单，散装种子来源不明，缺乏正规的质量检测和监管，种子质量没法保证，极容易造成减产甚至绝产。

十 | 纯度、净度、发芽率、含水率，这4项指标包装袋上是必须标明的。

十一 | 这是一种质量的保证，也是正规来源的保障。散装种子什么都没有，很可能就是一些过期的伪劣种子，而且谁包装，谁对种子质量负责，完整包装的种子出现问题，可以找那家公司，没有这个包装，就没人负责，出了问题找不着人。     　　赵久然提醒，认准包装只是第一步，无论从哪个渠道购买种子，审定公告和票据，必不可少。买种子一定要买有正规包装的、有正规来源的，买的时候还要索取票据，一旦出了问题，凭着这个也是能找到来源。

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